Infertility is a medical condition characterized by the inability of an individual or a couple to conceive a child naturally despite regular, unprotected sexual intercourse for an extended period, usually around one year for individuals under 35 years old, and six months for those over 35. It's a complex issue that can affect both men and women and may stem from various biological, environmental, or lifestyle factors. In women, infertility can result from problems with ovulation, such as irregular menstrual cycles or hormonal imbalances, structural issues in the reproductive organs, such as blocked fallopian tubes or uterine abnormalities, or conditions like endometriosis, which can interfere with conception. Additionally, age-related decline in fertility becomes more pronounced as women approach their late 30s and 40s. For men, infertility may be due to low sperm count, poor sperm motility (movement), or abnormalities in sperm shape and function. Factors contributing to male infertility include hormonal imbalances, genetic disorders, lifestyle factors like excessive alcohol consumption or smoking, and certain medical conditions affecting the reproductive organs. Infertility can be emotionally challenging for individuals and couples, often causing stress, anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy or disappointment. Seeking medical assistance from fertility specialists or reproductive endocrinologists can help diagnose the underlying causes of infertility and explore treatment options, such as assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF), intrauterine insemination (IUI), or medications to stimulate ovulation or improve sperm quality. Additionally, lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and alternative therapies may also be recommended to optimize fertility health.